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8085 Microprocessor: De-multiplexing of AD0-AD7 Address and Data Lines

  De-multiplexing of AD0-AD7 of 8085 Microprocessor THE ADDRESS AND DATA BUSES: • 8085 Microprocessor have total 16 address lines and 8 data lines. • 8 signal lines A8 – A15 which are unidirectional. • The other 8 address bits are multiplexed with the 8 data bits. So, the bits AD0 – AD7 are bi-directional and serve as A0 – A7 (address bus) and D0 – D7 (data bus) at the same time. • During the execution of the instruction, these lines carry the address bits during the early part, then during the late parts of the execution, they carry the 8 data bits. In order to separate the address from the data, we can use a latch to save the value before the function of the bits changes. THE CONTROL AND STATUS SIGNALS: • There are 4 main control and status signals. 1. ALE (Address Latch Enable): This signal is a pulse that become 1 when the AD0 –AD7 lines have an address on them. It becomes 0 after that. This signal can be used to enable a latch to save the address bits from the AD lines. 2. RD ...
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Interrupts in 8085 Microprocessor: Vectored-Non Vectored Interrupts And Maskable-Non Maskable Interrupts

Vectored Interrupt: In vectored interrupts, the manufacturer fixes the address of the ISR to which the program control is to be transferred. the processor automatically branches to the specific address in response to an interrupt.  • The TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5 and RST 5.5 are vectored interrupts. Non-Vectored Interrupt:   But in non-vectored interrupts the interrupted device should give the address of the interrupt service routine (ISR).    • The INTR is a non-vectored interrupt. Hence when a device interrupts through INTR, it has to supply the address of ISR after receiving interrupt acknowledge signal. Maskable & Non-Maskable Interrupt: The hardware vectored interrupts are classified into maskable and non-maskable interrupts.  • TRAP is non-maskable interrupt.  • RST 7.5, RST 6.5 and RST 5.5 are maskable interrupt. Masking is preventing the interrupt from disturbing the main program. When an interrupt is masked the processor will not accept the i...
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Farmer's Protest in India-2020

The  Indian farmers' protes t of 2020  is an ongoing protest against the three farm acts  passed by the Indian  Parliament  in 2020.This protest is mainly going on  by farmers of Punjab , Rajasthan and Haryana. Firstly the local protests began in states of Punjab and Haryana.  After two months of protests, farmers from these two states began a movement named ' Dilli Chalo ' , in which tens of thousands of farmers marched towards the national capital. Police and law enforcement used water cannons and tear gas to prevent the farmers from entering Delhi . On 26 November, a nationwide general strike  that reportedly involved approximately 250 million people  took place in support of the farmers. This protest is going on because of three bills which were passed  by the Rajya   Sabha  passed the three bills by 22 September.  The President of India  gave his assent by signing the bills on 28 September, thus co...
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